Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

基于改进极限学习机的光谱定量建模方法

依据近红外光谱(NIR)产生原理,提出了粒子群优化极限学习机(PSO-ELM)算法,运用于小样本氨水浓度定量分析。通过优化极限学习机(ELM)隐藏节点参数,解决了极限学习机由于输入权值和隐含层偏差随机产生的建模结果具有随机性的问题,提高了预测模型的稳定性、精确度和泛化性能。经实验验证,优化后的PSO-ELM相比ELM,模型预测集均方根误差由0.01166减小至0.00322,预测集相关系数由0.9951提高至0.9979。将优化后的模型预测结果与支持向量机(SVM)、BP神经网络算法等传统方法的建模结果进行对比,优化后的PSO-ELM算法具有较高的精确度和良好的泛化性能,模型预测效果优于传统的定量回归分析算法。     

用于微光探测器的天文杜瓦

综述了天文用ＣＣＤ激光探测器对天文杜瓦的要求，介绍了研制的ＴＷＤ型杜瓦的特点和试验情况。试验结果表明，在无探测腔时，Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型杜瓦容器的技术指标分别达到：有效容积２．５Ｌ和１．２５Ｌ；质量２．０５ｋｇ和３．０２ｋｇ；液氮保存期１１０ｈ和１１６ｈ．真空寿命达２年以上．接探测腔后，Ⅱ型杜瓦液氮保存期为４０ｈ；ＣＣＤ冷盘温度可达到－１００～－１２０℃．     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

民用飞机电子电气设备舱门高强度辐射场(HIRF)防护设计研究

适航规章CCAR-25中给出了航空器暴露在高强度辐射场(HIRF)中应满足的抗干扰要求,针对某型号民用飞机电子电气设备舱门对HIRF环境防护能力较弱的问题,提出一些提升舱门HIRF防护能力的优化设计建议。在对飞机电子电气设备舱门HIRF防护能力研究时,以该型号民用飞机电子电气设备舱门为研究对象,将舱门与电子电气设备舱结构模型简化成复杂金属腔体开环形孔缝的模型,并类比开孔矩形金属腔体的电磁屏蔽效能的研究,归纳出可能提升结构HIRF防护能力的结构优化设计方向。依据优化设计方向规划了3个舱门结构优化方案,并对该型号民用飞机进行低电平扫掠场(LLSF)试验以验证优化方案的有效性,对试验结果分析表明,所提的建议对于提高电子电气设备舱门HIRF防护能力是有效的。     

定向凝固合金叶片的再结晶与疲劳失效

 对定向凝固合金叶片的裂纹与断裂进行了分析,在断口观察与金相组织分析的基础上,对叶片的失效模式与失效原因进行了研究,并提出了预防该类故障发生的措施。研究结果表明,定向凝固合金叶片的裂纹与断裂为同一失效模式,均为叶片表面的再结晶而导致的疲劳失效。叶片表面的再结晶在叶片使用之前就已存在,是由于固溶热处理前叶片的表面存在塑性变形,在固溶热处理过程中形成的。     

空间大功率热排放系统设计

根据空间大功率热排放系统的要求,参考美国航天局提出的双翼热管式辐射散热器,提出了在结构上改进的热管式辐射散热器.总体设计为四翼对称式辐射散热器,四翼均为相同独立工作.散热器由主回路管道、泡沫碳换热器、热管和散热板四部分组成,主回路管道选取钠钾合金为工质,换热管选取水为流体工质.系统废热通过钠钾合金冷却回路传递到泡沫碳换热器,泡沫碳换热器再传递给水热管辐射板,通过辐射换热释放到太空.对热管散热器进行了结构设计以及初步热设计,为大功率深空探测器热排放系统提供了最优的设计结构及参数.     

飞行器系统参数变化对章动过程的影响分析

研究小卫星发射过程中最末级使用旋转固体火箭发动机时飞行器系统参数变化对其章动效果的影响。考虑了推进剂质量变化引起系统的能量耗散,在欧拉动力学方程的基础上,引入了由于飞行器系统质量变化引起的角动量变化率,得到了飞行器系统的角速度方程与章动方程。把实际飞行器工作过程的参数代入所推导的方程,得到了飞行器的章动放大过程,同时得到了飞行器系统参数变化对章动放大过程的影响规律。计算结果可为飞行器系统的设计提供指导。     

地磁暴期间北半球高纬度地区电离层变化特征及对精密定位的影响

基于加拿大地区高纬度电离层观测网的电离层闪烁观测数据,分析了2018年8月26日地磁暴事件引发的北半球高纬度地区电离层总电子含量(TEC)异常变化、TEC变化率指数(ROTI)及电离层相位闪烁的变化特征.结果表明:加拿大地区最大异常值约6 TECU,磁暴引发全球电离层TEC异常峰值高达20 TECU;加拿大地区电离层相...